Application Technology of DJ-Q Type Electrolytic Ozone Generators in the Production of Mineral Water, Purified Water, and Beverage Water

I. Current Situation

　　Currently, on China's bottled drinking water market, there are mainly two types of drinking water: mineral water and purified water. In the beverage market, water is the primary ingredient in various beverages and is referred to as beverage water. Here, we will provide an overview of the disinfection and sterilization processes used for both mineral water and purified water, as well as for beverage water.
   　 During water treatment, most microorganisms are removed—particularly when water is treated using methods such as microfiltration and ultrafiltration, which completely eliminate bacterial contaminants from the water. However, conventional water treatment methods still cannot completely eradicate all microorganisms. To ensure consumer health, especially when producing beverages—including carbonated drinks, mineral water, purified water, and fruit juices that are packaged without undergoing secondary sterilization—it is essential to disinfect the water thoroughly. Moreover, attention must be paid to the hygienic condition of storage tanks, pipelines, valves, and other equipment to prevent secondary contamination of the water.
    　The purpose of water disinfection is to eliminate pathogenic bacteria in the water and ensure that the bacterial content meets the prescribed standards. Commonly used water disinfection methods include chlorine disinfection, ultraviolet disinfection, and ozone disinfection.

II. Disinfection Principle

Chlorine disinfection includes liquid chlorine, bleaching powder, sodium hypochlorite, and chloramines. The principle behind their disinfection is that chlorine reacts in water as follows:
Cl ₂ + H ₂ O → HCl + HOCl → 2H⁺ + Cl ^- + OCl ^-
　　The hypochlorous acid generated by the reaction has strong penetrating power, enabling it to rapidly pass through the cell membranes of microorganisms, enter their cells, and disrupt the enzyme systems within, thereby disabling enzyme activity and ultimately causing microbial death. On the other hand, hypochlorous acid is highly unstable and readily releases nascent oxygen. [O] Newly generated ecological oxygen combines with ammonium salts, hydrogen sulfide, ferrous oxide, nitrite, and substances produced by the decomposition of organic matter, thereby exerting an oxidizing effect on organic compounds and certain inorganic substances in water. This oxidation process inhibits the growth of most microorganisms that rely on these substances for nutrition. Consequently, hypochlorous acid is generally considered to have the primary sterilizing effect. In contrast, the hypochlorite ion formed during the reaction has weaker bactericidal power and lacks the ability of hypochlorous acid to penetrate microbial cell membranes; thus, its disinfecting effect is significantly lower than that of hypochlorous acid.
　　The principle behind ultraviolet disinfection is that the spectral wavelength of ultraviolet light lies in... 490 nm – 140 nm It possesses bactericidal properties within a certain range. After being exposed to ultraviolet radiation, the nucleoproteins in microorganisms undergo denaturation due to the absorption of energy from the UV spectrum, leading to metabolic disturbances and ultimately impairing their ability to reproduce. When the irradiation dose reaches a certain threshold, microbial cells are destroyed and killed. Ultraviolet light has a certain penetrating power through clear, transparent water, thus enabling it to disinfect water.
　　The principle behind ozone disinfection is that ozone continuously undergoes a reduction reaction in water, generating highly oxidizing single-atom oxygen. O ) and hydroxyl ( Oh ), instantly decomposes organic substances, bacteria, and microorganisms in water. Hydroxyl radicals ( Oh ) is a strong oxidizing agent and catalyst that can trigger chain reactions in organic compounds, with reactions occurring very rapidly. Hydroxyl group ( Oh ) Has a highly potent killing effect on various pathogenic microorganisms. Single-atom oxygen ( O It also possesses strong oxidizing power and exerts a potent killing effect on resilient microorganisms such as viruses and spores.

III. Selection of Ozone Generators

To select the right ozone generator, it’s essential to understand the evaluation criteria for ozone generators. Generally, the most fundamental indicators for evaluating an ozone generator include: ozone output, ozone concentration, operating costs, reliability, service life, and power consumption.

　　Low-pressure electrolytic ozone generation is a medium- to small-scale equipment. Although its output is not large, its concentration is exceptionally high. The unit of ozone concentration is typically expressed as volume percentage concentration, a standard widely accepted internationally. The ozone concentration produced by the corona discharge method from an air source is... 1-3% The ozone concentration from the oxygen source is 2-6% The ozone concentration produced by low-pressure electrolysis is: 18-20% . Domestically, the common practice is to adopt mg/L、mg/m ³The unit specifies that the ozone concentration in the air source using the corona discharge method is: 10-40 mg/L , the ozone concentration from the oxygen source is 20–80 mg/L The ozone concentration in the electrolytically purified water source is: 250-280 mg/L Ozone produced by low-pressure electrolysis contains no nitrogen oxides (thus avoiding secondary pollution), consumes low energy, is safe and reliable, and boasts stable performance—making it highly popular among customers both domestically and internationally.

    Currently, most ozone generators in China use a high-frequency, high-voltage corona discharge method that uses air as the raw material to produce ozone. , The excessive levels of nitrogen oxides generated by ozone generators of this type represent a serious problem. This is due to the presence of nitrogen oxides in the air... 78% If the above-mentioned nitrogen is exposed to a high-voltage discharge environment, nitrogen molecules will dissociate into atoms, which then preferentially react with oxygen to form highly toxic nitrogen oxides. NO _X and the ozone generator powered by high-voltage corona discharge that uses air as a source. NO _X The main component is nitrogen dioxide. NO ₂ Specifically manifested as: ① .NO₂ It is poorly soluble in water and readily enters the lower respiratory tract, reaching deep into the lungs, when... NO ₂ Upon reaching the alveoli, it slowly dissolves in body fluids, forming nitrous acid and nitric acid along with their respective salts. These substances are then transported into the bloodstream via the lungs in the form of nitrite and nitrate ions, thereby distributing throughout the body and causing damage to organs such as the kidneys, liver, and heart. At the same time, NO2 It itself exerts a strong irritant and corrosive effect on lung tissue, causing pulmonary edema.② . Impaired immune function: Long-term exposure NO ₂ It not only reduces the phagocytic capacity of alveolar macrophages but also inhibits the formation of antibodies in serum, thereby affecting the body’s immune function.③ . Promoting cancer effects: Animal experiments have shown that NO ₂ It has both pro-cancer and carcinogenic effects. Moreover, currently, the ozone generator equipment available in the domestic market is diverse and constantly emerging, with widely varying product quality. Many people mistakenly believe that as long as it can produce ozone, everything is fine. OK However, we’ve overlooked nitrogen oxides—the silent killer that poses a tremendous threat to human health. In particular, some inexpensive ozone generators, due to their simple configurations and low-quality materials, are more likely to produce large amounts of nitrogen compounds while generating ozone. NOx the formation of which. Many pharmaceutical cleanrooms require frequent ozone disinfection; in some cases, ozone is even used during production processes—particularly in facilities with inadequate ventilation or fresh-air supply systems. As a result, nitrogen oxide compounds tend to accumulate more and more within the clean zones, posing serious health risks to workers. Therefore, selecting a high-quality ozone generator is extremely important.

　　Additionally, in water treatment, nitrogen oxides easily form nitrites when dissolved in water during ozone-based water purification or when treating everyday plumbing systems. , The most important of nitrogen Mineral It's nitrate, which leads to excessive levels of nitrite. , Moreover, it interacts with contaminants in the plumbing system or with hormones and antibiotics present in the pipes, simultaneously generating other harmful substances that hinder the purification and disinfection of the water circulation system.

Four, DJ-Q Comparison between Pulsed Electrolysis Ozone Generators and Conventional Air (Oxygen)-Based Dielectric Barrier Discharge Ozone Generators

　　DJ-Q The corona discharge ozone generator uses pure water as its raw material and produces ozone via low-pressure electrolysis, requiring no auxiliary materials or additives. The ozone concentration produced can reach as high as... 20% ( Gas release weight ratio ) The ozone gas produced is accompanied by oxygen and does not generate any secondary pollution. In contrast, conventional high-voltage corona discharge ozone generators, which use air or oxygen as raw materials, require multiple pre-treatment steps and then... 15000V Only high-frequency, high-voltage discharge fields on the left and right can generate ozone, and the resulting ozone concentration is low—never exceeding. 6% The byproducts of ozone generation include nitrogen, oxygen, nitrogen oxides, and other impurities. Among these, nitrogen oxides are non-decomposing, toxic, and carcinogenic substances. Moreover, corona discharge ozone generators suffer from operational instability and have a short electrode lifespan. (<3000 Hour ) An incurable malady.

　　DJ-Q The ozone production rate of a corona discharge ozone generator is related to the size of the membrane electrode and the magnitude of the current density. Under normal operating conditions, the temperature requirement is: 4~35 ^o C , relative air humidity ≤ 90% , operating voltage 3.5V ± 10% , the ozone concentration is 18%~20% ( Air weight ratio ) , power consumption ≤ 50kW.h/kgO₃。DJ-Q The characteristics of corona discharge ozone generators and dielectric barrier discharge ozone generators are compared as described below and summarized in the table. 1 As shown, it is not difficult to see that the low-pressure electrolytic ozone generation system has unparalleled advantages over the corona discharge ozone generation system.

• Corona discharge ozone generators use high frequency. ( or mid-frequency ) Ozone is produced by high-voltage discharge in an air or oxygen chamber. The core electrode of the generator is consumable; if no pretreatment and protective measures are taken for the air source and working environment, the service life of the core electrode and the ozone production rate will be significantly reduced. If the heat generated by the high-voltage discharge is not effectively cooled, it will directly affect the ozone yield and, in severe cases, could even lead to an explosion. ( Especially when using an oxygen source. ) and may cause fires and other accidents. The electromagnetic waves generated during high-voltage discharge can interfere with nearby precision instruments, affecting their normal operation.

　　DJ-Q The corona discharge ozone generator uses power-frequency, low-voltage electrolysis of pure water to produce ozone. The generator’s core electrode is non-consumable; it only requires that the electrolyte be properly maintained. -- Pure water The device can operate stably as long as its electrical conductivity meets the requirements. The core electrode’s coolant is pure water, which inherently features circulating cooling capabilities, eliminating the need for additional cooling measures. Low-pressure electrolysis does not generate electromagnetic interference or other disturbances, making it safe to use even in laboratories or environments with highly precise equipment.

Advantages of low-pressure electrolysis

1 Equipment advantages

1. The resulting ozone concentration, by weight, is several times higher than that achieved by the high-voltage corona method (up to 20% ).

2. The ozone gas produced contains no nitrogen oxides and no carcinogenic substances.

3. Adopting the low-pressure electrolysis principle (3-5V) There is no risk of electrical hazards. It does not generate electromagnetic waves or noise, and it does not interfere when operating alongside other precision instruments.

4. The ozone generator uses pure water as its gas source and, during operation, does not require an oxygen source or any additional auxiliary equipment beyond the high-pressure ozone generator itself. , Easy to operate , Safe and reliable.

5. The electrode has low wear, can operate continuously, and boasts an exceptionally long service life.

6. It is unaffected by the working environment and temperature, with a humidity resistance capability of up to... 85%。

7. Pure water self-circulating cooling eliminates the risk of overheating caused by continuous operation of the equipment.

8. Due to the high ozone concentration generated, using this method with the same amount of ozone introduced into water can achieve a higher ozone concentration in the water.

2、DJ-Q Comparison of Characteristics Between Pulsed Electrolysis Ozone Generators and Corona Discharge Ozone Generators

A more notable feature of the new low-pressure electrolytic ozone application in water treatment is: 1 Since the ozone is extracted from pure water, it contains no other impurities such as nitrogen oxides (especially no carcinogenic substances like nitrogen dioxide), does not produce nitrites, and will not affect water quality. 2 , with humidity resistance up to 90% The modular electrolysis principle is not easily affected by moisture and will not break down. 3 Electrode 3-5V Low power consumption, capable of continuous operation, excellent safety performance, and an exceptionally long service life. 4 , the resulting ozone concentration is high (low-pressure ozone) 18-20% High-pressure ozone 1-3% ) With the same amount of ozone introduced into the water, this method can achieve a higher ozone concentration in the water. 5 It has low overall operating costs; for the same water flow rate and ozone concentration, its operating costs are less than half those of high-pressure equipment.