Circuit board

Currently, the two main ozone-generation technologies in use are the corona discharge method and the electrolysis method.

High-voltage corona method (high-voltage discharge method): This method uses air as its raw material and maintains a certain discharge gap between two parallel high-voltage electrodes separated by a dielectric medium. When a high voltage is applied across the electrodes, the heat generated excites oxygen molecules in the air, enabling them to gain energy and collide with each other, thereby forming ozone. The corona method produces ozone using air as a gas source. Since air contains more than 78% nitrogen, under high-voltage conditions, nitrogen reacts with oxygen to form a new substance—nitrogen dioxide. Nitrogen dioxide is internationally recognized as a toxic substance and is one of the factors contributing to the development of cancer. Moreover, the technology used in the high-voltage corona method also limits the possibility of producing high-concentration ozone; typically, the weight-based concentration of ozone produced by this method ranges from 1% to 3%. Low-pressure electrolysis method (low-pressure water-splitting method): This method uses water as its raw material and employs solid-state noble-metal polymers as the electrolyte. By performing low-voltage electrolysis on water (H₂O), oxygen is separated to produce ozone. The resulting ozone has a weight-based concentration as high as 18% to 20%, and the accompanying gas is pure oxygen—with no harmful substances whatsoever.

The PEM electrolysis ozone generator uses pure water as its feedstock and a solid-state noble-metal polymer as the electrolyte. Employing a cation-exchange mode, it produces ozone via low-voltage electrolysis without requiring any auxiliary materials or additives. The resulting ozone concentration can reach as high as 20% (by weight, equivalent to 250–280 mg/L). The byproduct of this ozone generation process is pure oxygen, with no secondary pollution whatsoever. In contrast, conventional high-voltage corona discharge ozone generators use air or oxygen as feedstock and require multiple pre-treatment steps. They rely on a high-frequency, high-voltage electric field of around 3,600 V to produce ozone, with a maximum ozone concentration typically not exceeding 10%. Moreover, the byproducts of such generators include nitrogen, oxygen, nitrogen oxides, and other impurities; among these, nitrogen oxides are non-degradable, toxic, and carcinogenic substances. The emergence of the third-generation ozone technology—the PEM low-voltage electrolysis ozone generation technology—has significantly expanded the application scope of ozone. This technology overcomes all the drawbacks inherent in traditional high-voltage corona discharge methods. Its core electrode is non-consumable, resulting in lower operating costs. Furthermore, the ozone concentration produced by this method is more than six times higher than that produced by conventional high-voltage corona discharge systems. Importantly, the ozone generated by this technology contains no harmful substances such as nitrogen oxides and causes no secondary pollution whatsoever, making it a truly low-carbon, energy-efficient, and environmentally friendly product. Consequently, its application fields have become much broader, and it represents an inevitable trend in the development of ozone production technologies.

Third-generation ozone generation technology

Nitrogen-free compounds, no electromagnetic interference, low usage costs, and excellent safety performance.

1. Product process structure

Figure 1. PEM electrode

Figure 2. PEM Electrolysis Ozone Generation System

2. Precautions

2.1 PEM Electrode

The PEM electrode should be installed and activated immediately after the sealing plug is removed. The positive and negative electrodes of the product must be kept from short-circuiting; otherwise, their service life will be affected. The anode and cathode water tanks must be completely filled with deionized water (pure water or distilled water) to prevent drying, which could cause the ion-exchange membrane to fail. The electrodes must be used with a dedicated constant-current power supply. For a single electrode, the power supply should provide an output of 3–5 V / 12 A / 15–30% AC ripple. When electrodes are connected in series, the voltage requirement increases proportionally with the number of electrodes. Otherwise, the electrodes will either fail to generate ozone or be damaged by breakdown.

PEM电极生产臭氧的电解原料为电导率≤5ųs/cm的去离子水（纯化水或二次蒸馏水），严禁使用不符合要求的水作为电解原料，否则将会导致电极短路而影响使用寿命或损坏失效。

2.2 安装与连接

PEM电极适合安装和使用在以产生臭氧气体或臭氧化水为主题的臭氧设备上，只要与相应的系统配套连接便可制出高浓度的臭氧。

2.2.1 Installation requirements for PEM electrodes in devices primarily designed for ozone generation:

Related attachments

Cathode tank / Anode tank / Connecting pipe / Dedicated power supply / Relay

The cathode water tank shall have a capacity of at least 1 liter and be made from non-conductive materials with excellent corrosion resistance and heat dissipation performance.

The anode water tank shall have a capacity of at least 200 ml and be made from a non-conductive material with excellent heat dissipation properties and resistance to strong oxidation.

The connecting pipe has an inner diameter of Ø6–8 mm and must be made from a material that is tough, resistant to strong oxidation, and has a low coefficient of thermal deformation.

Attention: When connecting the PEM ozone generator, be sure not to reverse the anode and cathode connections. The outlet of the generator’s anode and cathode should be kept as vertically aligned as possible with the upper anode and cathode water tank; the shorter the distance between them, the smoother the gas flow will be, and the longer the generator’s service life and higher its efficiency will be.

Figure 3. Wiring Diagram of the PEM Electrolysis Ozone Generation System

1. PEM electrode 2. Hose 3. Cathode water tank 4. Anode water tank 5. Constant-current switching power supply 6. Relay

2.2.2 Installation requirements for PEM electrodes in devices designed to produce ozonated water:

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Purified water source / Booster pump / Multi-way pipe / Connecting pipe / Mixing device / Dedicated power supply / Relay

Purified water sources should be supplied via RO reverse osmosis units or by bottled purified water and distilled water.

Booster pumps should preferably be self-priming pumps with an outlet pressure of ≥4 kg.

Multi-port water pipes should use standard water supply pipes made of stainless steel or UPVC.

The connecting pipe has an inner diameter of Ø6–8 mm and must be made from a material that is tough, highly resistant to strong oxidation, and has a low coefficient of thermal deformation.

The mixing device should adopt either a bridge-plate multi-stage turbulent mixing method or a packed porous tubular flow-through mixing method. The bridge plates or packing materials should be made of ceramic or stainless steel.

Attention: When connecting the PEM ozone generator, be sure not to reverse the anode and cathode. The outlet of the generator’s anode and cathode should be as vertically aligned as possible with the upper water pipe; the shorter the distance between them, the smoother the gas flow will be, and the longer the generator’s service life and the higher its efficiency will be. The ozone-water outlet should not have any resistance or valves; otherwise, backflow of water could damage the generator.

Figure 4. Connection Diagram of the PEM Electrolysis Ozone Water Generation System

Legend: (1) PEM Ozone Generator (2) Dedicated Constant-Current Switching Power Supply (3) 40A/12V DC Relay (4) Connecting Pipe (5) Multi-Port Water Pipe (6) Mixing Device (7) Booster Pump (8) Check Valve